成人英语语法手册The English Grammar Workbook for Adults：提高功能性写作的自学指南A Self-Study Guide to Improve Functional Writing

Introduction
介绍
Hey, everyone! Thanks for picking up this book. I’m a native New Yorker
嘿，各位！谢谢你拿起这本书。我是土生土长的纽约人
who started on an English teaching journey in 1994 in Sendai,Japan.
他于1994年在日本仙台开始了英语教学之旅。
At first, I thought teaching English would be easy. Boy, was I surprised!
起初，我以为教英语很容易。天哪，我很惊讶！
Sure,English has a lot of grammar rules, but I soon realized that in many situations, those rules, their exceptions, and even some “non-rules” made learning and teaching English pretty tough.
当然，英语有很多语法规则，但我很快意识到，在很多情况下，这些规则，它们的例外，甚至一些“非规则”使英语学习和教学变得相当困难。
For example, I knew that in English, we use many before countable nouns (many pens, many people) and much before uncountable nouns (much rain, much love).
例如，我知道在英语中，我们在可数名词（许多笔，许多人）和不可数名词（很多雨，很多爱）之前使用很多。
But one day,one of my students said, “I ate much food last night,” which sounded weird to me.
但是有一天，我的一个学生说，“我昨晚吃了很多东西，”这听起来很奇怪。
When I tried to figure out why, I couldn’t find the answer in any of the grammar books I had. I realized that while most books will teach you how to make the grammar (the structure), they don’t teach you how to apply it.
当我试图找出原因时，我在所有的语法书中都找不到答案。我意识到，虽然大多数书会教你如何制定语法（结构），但他们不会教你如何应用它。
That’s how I became motivated to write this book. The lessons here will help you become more articulate and confident using English in your writing and everyday English conversations.
所以我才有动力写这本书。这里的课程将帮助你在写作和日常英语会话中使用英语变得更加清晰和自信。

What Does This Book Mean by
这本书的意思是什么
“Functional” English Grammar?
“功能”英语语法？
When something is functional, it’s both practical and useful.
当某样东西起作用时，它既实用又有用。
The cat or dog on your coffee mug looks nice, but it’s neither practical nor useful.
你咖啡杯上的猫或狗看起来不错，但既不实用也没用。
Your mug will work just as well without the graphics. I wanted to write a book that would help clear up questions you may have about grammar but also give you opportunities to practice using grammar in real everyday situations.
你的马克杯将工作一样好，没有图形。我想写一本书，可以帮助你澄清关于语法的问题，同时也给你机会在实际的日常生活中练习使用语法。
Applying what you learn is key to remembering and mastering anything. You have to just do it, as a certain sportswear company says.
运用所学知识是记住和掌握任何事情的关键。正如某家运动服装公司所说，你必须这么做。
You can read all about swimming and spend hours watching swimming videos on YouTube, but to become a swimmer, you have to actually jump in the pool.
你可以在YouTube上阅读所有关于游泳的内容，花上几个小时观看游泳视频，但要成为一名游泳运动员，你必须真正跳进游泳池。
So, welcome to your new “swimming area”! So, what actually is grammar? The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines grammar as “the study of the classes of words, their inflections, and their functions and relations in the sentence.”
所以，欢迎来到你的新“游泳区”！那么，语法到底是什么？《韦氏词典》将语法定义为“研究词类、词形变化及其在句子中的功能和关系。”
This definition really describes everything you need to know about grammar in order to write and speak English with proficiency.
这个定义真正描述了你需要了解的所有语法知识，以便熟练地写和说英语。
The classes of words are the parts of speech— nouns, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns, etc. Inflections refer to the way we use words to account for tense (past, present, future), mood, gender, voice, etc.
词类是词类——名词、形容词、介词、连词、代词等。屈折指的是我们用词来解释时态（过去、现在、将来）、语气、性别、声音等的方式。
And functions and relations are how words work together in a sentence.There’s a saying that you don’t need to know how a clock works in order to tell time.
函数和关系是单词在一个句子中的组合方式。有句话说，你不需要知道时钟是如何工作的来报时的。
The same goes for grammar. The different sections of this book are categorized by name so they can be presented in an organized way, but don’t get caught up in the terminology. You don’t need to remember the
语法也是如此。这本书的不同部分是按名称分类的，因此它们可以以一种有组织的方式呈现，但不要被术语所迷惑。你不需要记住
term countable noun—you just need to know that some nouns are
术语可数名词你只需要知道有些名词是
countable, like dogs or cars, and that uncountable nouns refer to nouns that cannot be counted, like air.
可数名词，如狗或汽车，不可数名词指不能数的名词，如空气。
Learn the rules, practice with the exercises provided here, and keep this book on hand for easy reference!
学习规则，练习这里提供的练习，并把这本书放在手边，以便于参考！

How to Use This Book
如何使用这本书
This book is divided into two parts. The first part is a collection of the most practical and commonly used English grammar patterns.
这本书分为两部分。第一部分是收集最实用和常用的英语语法模式。
Each section is designed to give you a concise review of that grammar pattern, including its structure, meaning, and, most importantly, usage. At the end of each lesson,
每一节都是为了给你一个简明的语法模式回顾，包括它的结构，意义，最重要的是，用法。每节课结束时，

you’ll find an exercise to give you some practice. You can check your
你会找到一个练习给你一些练习。你可以检查一下你的房间
answers with the answer key at the back of the book.
用书后面的答案键回答。
Once you feel comfortable with the grammar lessons, you can move on
一旦你对语法课感到满意，你就可以继续学习了
to part two. There, you’ll find real-world scenarios in which you can apply what you learned in part one. These scenarios cover everything from social situations, school, and work life to creative writing.
第二部分。在那里，你会发现真实世界的场景，你可以应用你在第一部分学到的东西。这些场景涵盖了从社交场合、学校、工作生活到创意写作的方方面面。
This book is not a complete guide to English grammar. There are lots of
这本书不是一本完整的英语语法指南。有很多
those kinds of books on the market. Instead, this book focuses on the parts of English grammar that are most used in the real world. Recommendations for further reading can be found in the resources section at the end of this book.
市面上的那种书。相反，这本书的重点放在英语语法的部分，是在现实世界中最常用的。进一步阅读的建议可以在本书末尾的参考资料部分找到。

Fun & functional―This clear, concise book is essential for ESL/EFL and other grammar students who want to work on writing English.
有趣且实用——这本清晰、简洁的书对于ESL/EFL和其他想学习英语写作的语法学生来说是必不可少的。
Situational success―Get expert tips on how grammar applies to real-world scenarios.
情境成功——获得语法如何应用于现实场景的专家提示。
Easy to use―Find quick answers to your English grammar questions using text boxes and the expanded index in the back of the book.
简单易用——使用文本框和书后的扩展索引快速找到英语语法问题的答案。

本资源包含内容：【The English Grammar Workbook for Adults pdf】

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