悠悠乐英语写作训练初高中英语教师用书 2021-07-04

美国国家地理系列Great writing series 4edition第四版f12345大写作原版教材

Great writing series 第四版f12345 Notes for Great Writing: Foundations 1 2345

美国国家地理学习（NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC LEARNING）是圣智学习集团（CENGAGE）旗下一员，是全球领先的英语语言教学教材提供商，产品涵盖英语语言学习、文学、科学、社会研究等各个领域。
National geographic learning, a member of Cengage, is a leading provider of English language teaching materials in the world. Its products cover English language learning, literature, science, social research and other fields.

这套教材学习结构非常清晰，每个单元分为四部分：
The learning structure of this textbook is very clear. Each unit is divided into four parts
①学习一项写作技巧（Writing）
① Learn a writing skill
②学习写作中用到的语法（Grammar for Writing）
② Learn grammar for writing
③学习更好地使用词汇（Building Better Vocabulary）
③ Learning to use vocabulary better
④让孩子自己练习不同文体的写作（Original Student Writing）
④ Let children practice writing in different styles by themselves (original student writing) NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC LEARNING

Great Writing: Foundations
伟大的写作：基础
Overview
概述
The Great Writing series is a six-level series that uses clear explanations and a large number of practical activities to help students write great sentences, paragraphs, and essays.
伟大的写作系列是一个六个层次的系列，使用明确的解释和大量的实践活动，帮助学生写伟大的句子，段落和文章。
The new Foundations level meets the needs of low-level learners through basic vocabulary development and spelling practice, and all levels feature clear explanations applied directly to appropriate practice opportunities. The Great Writing series is ideal for beginning to advanced learners, helping them develop and master academic writing skills.
新的基础水平通过基本词汇发展和拼写练习来满足低水平学习者的需求，所有水平都有明确的解释，直接应用于适当的练习机会。伟大的写作系列是理想的开始，以先进的学习者，帮助他们发展和掌握学术写作技能。
National geographic Great writing learning

Great Writing: Foundations focuses on basic sentence construction, emphasizing
伟大的写作：基础侧重于基本的句子结构，强调
grammar, vocabulary, spelling, and composition.
语法、词汇、拼写和作文。
Great Writing 1 focuses on sentences as they appear in paragraphs.
优秀写作1关注段落中出现的句子。
Great Writing 2 teaches paragraph development.
伟大的写作2教段落发展。
Great Writing 3 transitions from paragraphs to essays.
伟大的写作3从段落到散文的过渡。
Great Writing 4 focuses on essays.
伟大的写作4侧重于散文。
Great Writing 5 practices more advanced essays.
伟大的写作5实践更先进的论文。
These teacher’s notes will provide you with an overview of Great Writing:
这些教师笔记将为您提供优秀写作的概述：
Foundations, an overview of teaching writing to English language learners, ideas for how
基础，英语写作教学概述，如何做的想法
best to use the activities in your class, and unit-by-unit teaching suggestions. There is
最好利用课堂上的活动，并对单元教学提出建议。有
also an Audio Program, separate Answer Key available on the website, additional Online
还有一个音频程序，单独的答案键可在网站上，额外的在线
Workbook activities, an assessment CD-ROM, and a Presentation Tool for presenting the
工作簿活动、评估光盘和演示工具
grammar and editing as whole-class activities.
语法和编辑作为全班活动。 overview of Great Writing

Great Writing: Foundations
伟大的写作：基础
Great Writing: Foundations has 14 units; each one includes approximately 20 activities. Each unit opens with a stunning photo to engage students in the writing topic and a list of the unit objectives. Each unit has three distinct sections: Grammar for Writing, Building Vocabulary and Spelling, and Original Student Writing.
伟大的写作：基金会有14个单元；每一项包括大约20项活动。每个单元以一张令人惊叹的照片开始，让学生参与写作主题和单元目标列表。每个单元有三个不同的部分：写作语法，词汇和拼写，以及学生的原创写作。
Grammar for Writing Each unit has a specific grammatical focus that helps beginning writers build better sentences. Examples of sentence structure covered in this section of each unit include parts of speech (e.g., noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, conjunction,
写作语法每个单元都有一个特定的语法重点，帮助初学者建立更好的句子。每一单元的这一节所涵盖的句子结构的例子包括词类（例如，名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、连词、，
preposition), verb tenses (simple present, simple past, present progressive, future), punctuation (periods, commas for items in a series, commas with certain conjunctions), capitalization, and sentence types (simple, compound, complex). Grammar is explained in language that is appropriate for beginning-level writers. Simple charts of grammatical forms give learners easy-to-understand access to the structures they will be using in their writing. Numerous examples are given of both
介词）、动词时态（简单现在、简单过去、现在进行、将来）、标点符号（句点、连词逗号、连词逗号）、大写和句型（简单、复合、复合）。语法是用适合初级作家的语言来解释的。简单的语法形式图表让学习者很容易理解他们将在写作中使用的结构。这两方面都给出了许多例子
correct language and incorrect language, and learners are encouraged to notice the gap
正确的语言和错误的语言，并鼓励学习者注意差距
between the two.
在两者之间。 Great writing Building Vocabulary and Spelling

Grammar for Writing consists of 10 to 15 activities. The following features
写作语法由10到15个活动组成。以下特性
always appear in this section of a unit:
始终出现在单元的此部分：
• grammar lessons with multiple examples
•有多个例子的语法课
• rules written in student-accessible language
•以学生可访问语言编写的规则
• identification of key grammar items in sentences
•识别句子中的关键语法项
• selection of correct grammatical forms
•选择正确的语法形式
• writing sentences using the grammar focus
•使用语法焦点写句子
• scrambled sentences
•混乱的句子
• correcting mistakes in sentences
•纠正句子中的错误
• practicing grammar and vocabulary in model writing
•在模型写作中练习语法和词汇
• guided writing: making changes from a model writing
•指导性写作：改变写作模式 Great writing writing sentences using the grammar

Building Vocabulary and Spelling
建立词汇和拼写
This section of each unit is built around one of the fourteen vowel sounds in English.
每个单元的这一部分是围绕英语中14个元音中的一个组成的。
These fourteen sounds are represented in these example words: cat, bed, fish, hot, cup, cake, eat, rice, hello, school, straw, wood, flower, and boy.
这十四个音用这些示例词来表示：猫、床、鱼、热、杯、蛋糕、吃、米、你好、学校、稻草、木头、花和男孩。
While certain consonants present spelling problems (e.g., b/v for Spanish speakers, b/p for Arabic speakers, and s/sh for Japanese speakers), vowel spelling errors are made by almost all language groups learning English.
虽然某些辅音存在拼写问题（例如西班牙语为b/v，阿拉伯语为b/p，日语为s/sh），但几乎所有学习英语的语言群体都会犯元音拼写错误。
Therefore, this section focuses on one vowel sound per unit, but difficult consonants are routinely practiced in all units.Each unit has a list of approximately 40 words that represent the targeted vowel sound.
因此，本节着重于每个单元的一个元音发音，但难发音的辅音通常在所有单元中练习，每个单元有一个大约40个单词的列表，代表目标元音发音。
These words are arranged in groups according to the variant spellings and include the most frequent or most useful words selected from the ESL Vocabulary Spelling List (Folse, 2013). For example, Unit 2 focuses on three spellings of the /ɛ/ sound as in the words bed, ready, and many.
这些单词根据不同的拼写进行分组，包括从ESL词汇拼写列表中选择的最常见或最有用的单词（Folse，2013）。例如，第2单元重点介绍/ɛ/ 听起来像是在床上，准备好了，还有很多。
A list of words can be a very useful tool (Folse, 2004), but a list is not enough for our students to learn words well enough to use them freely. Therefore, Building Vocabulary and Spelling always consists of these nine supporting activities:
单词列表是一个非常有用的工具（Folse，2004），但是一个列表不足以让我们的学生学好单词并自由使用它们。因此，建立词汇和拼写总是由以下九个辅助活动组成：国家地理大写作第四版Great writing 4 edtion
• common words with target vowel sound
•具有目标元音的常见单词
• matching words and pictures
•匹配文字和图片
• completing words with the targeted vowel sound
•用目标元音完成单词
• writing sentences with spelling vocabulary in context
•在上下文中使用拼写词汇编写句子
• unscrambling letters
•解读字母
• practicing vocabulary in context
•在上下文中练习词汇
• spelling practice
•拼写练习
• identifying the targeted sound next to a confusing spelling (e.g., many / meny)
•识别令人困惑的拼写旁边的目标声音（例如，many/meny）
• cumulative spelling review of all spellings (e.g., many / meny / mainy / miny)
•所有拼写的累积拼写检查（例如，many/meny/mainy/miny）
In addition, students should be encouraged to get a separate notebook and to write all of their new vocabulary words in it. This Vocabulary Notebook will be an important tool for them to learn and review new English words and phrases that will help them become better writers. See page 289 for more information on keeping a Vocabulary Notebook.
此外，还应鼓励学生单独拿一本笔记本，把所有的生词都写在笔记本上。这个词汇笔记本将是一个重要的工具，他们学习和审查新的英语单词和短语，将帮助他们成为更好的作家。请参阅第289页，了解更多关于保持词汇笔记本的信息。