悠悠乐英语教师用书英语习得英语学习方法 2021-06-19

Collins Primary Grammar, Punctuation And Spelling by Collins Dictionaries柯林斯字典提供的柯林斯初级语法、标点符号和拼写

Collins Primary Grammar Contents
目录
Cover
封面
Title Page
标题页
Introduction
介绍
Grammar
语法
What is grammar?
什么是语法？
Words
话
Phrases
短语
Clauses
条款
Sentences
句子
Making words
造句
Writing good English
写好英语
Synonyms
同义词
Antonyms
反义词
Layout
布局
Punctuation
标点符号
What is punctuation?
什么是标点符号？
Letters
信件
Full stop
句号
Question mark
问号
Exclamation mark
感叹号
Comma
逗号
Apostrophe
撇号
Inverted comma
倒逗号
Bracket
支架
Dash
破折号
Semicolon
分号
Colon
结肠
Hyphen
连字符
Bullet point
要点
Ellipsis
省略
Spelling
拼写
The alphabet
字母表
Syllables
音节
Letters and sounds
字母和发音
Consonants and their phonemes and graphemes
辅音及其音素
Vowels and their phonemes and graphemes
元音及其音素和图示
Digraphs and trigraphs
有向图和三叉图
Adding endings to words
向单词添加结尾
Irregular verbs
不规则动词
Adding prefixes and suffixes
添加前缀和后缀
Common endings in words
常用词尾
Choosing between endings
在结束之间选择
Words ending in ough
以OUG结尾的单词
Silent letters
无声的信件
Some very common words that you have to know
你必须知道的一些很常见的词
Homophones
同音字
How to improve your spelling
如何提高拼写
Dictionary
字典
How to use the Spelling Dictionary
如何使用拼写词典

初级语法
Introduction
介绍
Collins Primary Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling has been designed
柯林斯的主要语法、标点符号和拼写已经设计好了
to support all pupils who are studying grammar, punctuation and spelling
支持所有学习语法、标点和拼写的学生
from age 7 to 11, whether this is for exams or to revise the key building
7岁至11岁，无论是考试还是复习重点建筑
blocks of the English language.
英语的障碍。
It contains the rules and advice that will help students get to grips with
它包含了帮助学生掌握的规则和建议
these essential aspects of the English language. There are clear, easy-to follow explanations of how grammar works, what punctuation does, and
英语的这些基本方面。有清晰，容易遵循语法的工作原理、标点符号的作用以及
how to spell correctly. Each section – grammar, punctuation and spelling –
如何正确拼写。每一节–语法、标点和拼写-
is laid out in an open, attractive design that guides the user easily through
以开放、吸引人的设计来引导用户轻松完成
the information provided. Dozens of examples show exactly how the rules
提供的信息。几十个例子确切地展示了规则是如何实现的
of English work.
英语作品。
The final section is a dictionary list of words that pupils must know how to
最后一节是一个字典，列出了学生必须知道如何使用的单词
spell. These have been specially selected for this age group based on real life experience from Spelling Bees conducted by Collins Dictionaries. The
拼写。这些是根据真实数据为这个年龄段专门挑选的柯林斯字典所作的拼写蜜蜂的生活经历。这个
words are written out in full, with their word class clearly shown, along
单词被完整地写出来，单词类清晰地显示出来，并
with any other forms such as plurals, comparatives and superlatives, and
与任何其他形式，如复数、比较式和最高级，以及
inflections – all of which are also written in full, making it easy for the
屈折–所有这些都是完整的，便于
pupil to understand. Many helpful tips on spelling are also included
学生要理解。还有许多拼写方面的有用提示
throughout the spelling dictionary section to make learning easier.
整个拼写词典部分都能使学习更容易。
Collins Primary Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling is an indispensable
柯林斯的初级语法、标点符号和拼写是必不可少的
guide to the structure and rules of English, offering clear and accessible
英语结构和规则指南，提供清晰易懂的内容
guidance for pupils from age 7 to 11.
7至11岁学生指导。

Punctuation And Spelling

Nouns
名词
A noun is a word that names something. In a sentence, the nouns are the
名词是一个命名事物的词。在一个句子中，名词是
words that tell you which people, places or things are involved.
告诉你涉及哪些人、地方或事物的词语。
There are different kinds of nouns.
名词有不同的种类。
Common nouns
常用名词
These nouns are used to name every example of a certain type of thing.
这些名词用来命名某类事物的每一个例子。
They start with a small letter.
他们以一个小写字母开头。
The possessive
所有格
The possessive (which is sometimes called the possessive case) is used to
所有格（有时称为所有格）用于
show that a person or thing owns another person or thing. You add ’s to the
表明一个人或事物拥有另一个人或事物。你把它加到
end of the noun that is the owner:You don’t use ’s to make a plural noun. It is only used for showing the
名词的结尾，即owner:You don’t用’s作复数名词。它只用于显示
possessive.
所有格的。
Adjectives
形容词
An adjective is a word that tells you something about a noun. Adjectives
形容词是一个能告诉你名词的词。形容词
can describe nouns in a number of ways:
可以用多种方式描述名词：
how they feel or what they are like:
他们的感受或他们的样子：
Comparative adjectives and superlative adjectives
比较形容词和最高级形容词
When you want to make a comparison between people or things, you need
当你想对人或事物进行比较时，你需要
to use comparative or superlative adjectives. In the examples below, taller
使用比较级或最高级形容词。在下面的例子中
is the comparative form of tall and tallest is the superlative.
是高和最高的比较形式是最高的。
Comparative
比较
The comparative shows that a person or thing has more of a certain quality
比较表明一个人或一件事更具有某种性质
than another person or thing. In this case it is the quality of being tall.
而不是其他人或事。在这种情况下，这是高的质量。
You make the comparative form of an adjective by adding the suffix-er at
在形容词的比较形式中加上后缀-er at
the end.
结束。
Adverbs
副词
An adverb is a word that tells you something about a verb. They describe
副词是一个告诉你动词的词。他们描述
the way in which something is done. Many adverbs end with the letters ‑ly.
做某事的方式。许多副词以字母-ly结尾。
Some adverbs tell you how:
有些副词告诉你：
Prepositions
介词
A preposition is a word that is used before a noun or a pronoun to describe
介词是在名词或代词之前用来描述
how things are related or connected to each other. For example, prepositions
事物如何相互关联。例如，介词
can tell you:
我可以告诉你：
Conjunctions
连词
A conjunction is a word that is used to join two words or two parts of a
连词是用来连接两个词或一个词的两个部分的词
sentence together. There are two main types of conjunction.
一句话。连词主要有两种类型。
Pronouns
代词
A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun. You use a pronoun
代词是用来代替名词的词。你用代词
instead of repeating the name of a person, place or thing:
不要重复一个人、地方或事物的名字：
Relative pronouns
关系代词
You use a relative pronoun instead of a noun to join two different parts of a
你用关系代词而不是名词来连接一个句子的两个不同部分
sentence. The relative pronouns are who, whom, whose, which and that.
判决。关系代词是who，who，who，which和that。
They introduce information about a noun in an earlier part of the sentence.
他们在句子的前半部分介绍有关名词的信息。
This noun is known as the antecedent. You use who, whom and whose
这个名词被称为先行词。你用谁，谁和谁
when the antecedent is a person, and which and that when it is not a
当前因是一个人，而哪个和那个当它不是一个人
person.
人。
A colourful revision guide in 4 separate sections for the KS2 literacy skills test for Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling including a Dictionary section with the most difficult words to spell with hints and tips on how to remember the key points.
KS2识字技能测试语法、标点符号和拼写的4个独立部分的彩色修订指南，包括一个字典部分，其中包含最难拼写的单词，以及如何记住要点的提示和技巧。