DK全球视觉系列 one million things animal life一百万件事 生命

SAVANNA WILDLIFE
稀树草原野生动物
At a waterhole in the African savanna, giraffes, zebras, birds, and other thirsty animals gather to drink. These creatures are a tiny sample of the enormous variety of animals found worldwide.
在非洲大草原的一个水洞里，长颈鹿、斑马、鸟类和其他口渴的动物聚集在一起喝水。这些生物是世界上发现的种类繁多的动物中的一个很小的样本。

LIFE
生命
From microscopic bacteria to massive blue whales, planet Earth is populated by a spectacular variety of life. But, despite their obvious differences, all living things share certain common features. They all obtain energy, grow, respond to their surroundings, and reproduce— things that nonliving objects, such as rocks, cannot do. Scientists divide life-forms into five distinct groups called kingdoms. Each has its own features, as you can see here.
从微小的细菌到巨大的蓝鲸，地球上生活着各种各样的生物。但是，尽管有明显的差异，所有的生物都有某些共同的特征。它们都获得能量，生长，对周围环境作出反应，并繁殖——非生命物体，如岩石，不能做的事情。科学家把生命形式分成五个不同的组，称为王国。正如你在这里看到的，每一个都有自己的特点。

These are the tiniest, most abundant, and most widespread life-forms. Bacteria consist of single cells that, despite being simpler than those in other organisms, work in the same basic ways.
它们是最微小、最丰富、最广泛的生命形式。细菌是由单个细胞组成的，尽管它们比其他有机体中的细胞简单，但它们的基本工作方式是相同的。
Some take in food from their surroundings, while others make their own, using sunlight or other sources of energy.
一些人从周围的环境中摄取食物，而另一些人利用阳光或其他能源自己制造食物。

Like bacteria, most protists also consist of single cells, but they are larger and just as complex as the cells that form animals and plants. Protists generally live in water or damp places.
与细菌一样，大多数原生生物也由单个细胞组成，但它们比形成动植物的细胞更大，也同样复杂。原生生物通常生活在水或潮湿的地方。
They are divided into animal-like protozoa, which take in food from their surroundings, and plantlike algae, which make food by photosynthesis.
它们分为类动物的原生动物和类植物的藻类，前者从环境中摄取食物，后者通过光合作用制造食物。

Mushrooms, toadstools, molds, and yeasts are just some of the organisms that make up the fungi. Some resemble plants, but they live in a very different way.
蘑菇、伞菌、霉菌和酵母菌只是构成真菌的一些有机体。有些类似于植物，但它们的生活方式截然不同。
Fungi feed by releasing digestive chemicals called enzymes that break down dead or living matter, then absorb the simple nutrients that are released.
真菌通过释放一种被称为酶的消化化学物质来进食，这种酶分解死的或活的物质，然后吸收释放的简单营养物质。

ANIMALS
动物
Despite their diversity, all animals share certain key features. They are all multicellular (made from many cells), and get their food by eating other living things.
尽管它们的多样性，所有的动物都有一些共同的关键特征。它们都是多细胞的（由许多细胞组成），通过吃其他生物来获取食物。
All animals move at least part of their body, and many move around actively to find their food, using one or more senses to detect it.
所有的动物都会至少移动身体的一部分，很多动物会主动地四处寻找食物，用一种或多种感官来探测食物。

PLANTS
植物
From grasses to giant trees, all plants require water, sunlight, and soil in which to grow their roots. Most plants do not move actively or feed on other organisms.
从草到大树，所有植物都需要水、阳光和土壤才能生根。大多数植物不主动移动或以其他生物为食。
Instead, they use a process called photosynthesis, trapping sunlight energy to turn carbon dioxide and water into food.
取而代之的是，它们利用一种叫做光合作用的过程，捕获阳光能量，将二氧化碳和水转化为食物。

ANIMAL KINGDOM
动物王国
The animal kingdom contains an extraordinary variety of different species, which can be arranged into 34 groups called phyla. Just one of these phyla, the Chordata, includes all vertebrates (animals with backbones, such as fish, ferrets, and frogs).
动物王国包含了各种各样的不同物种，它们可以被分成34个类群，称为门。脊索动物是这些动物门中的一个，包括所有脊椎动物（有脊骨的动物，如鱼、雪貂和青蛙）。
The other more than 30 phyla contain 97 percent of known animal species, and are known collectively as invertebrates (animals without backbones), even though they are distantly related and share few common features. Here are some of the animal kingdom’s main phyla.
另外30多个门包含97%的已知动物物种，被统称为无脊椎动物（没有脊椎的动物），尽管它们是远亲，几乎没有共同特征。这里有一些动物王国的主要门。

VERTEBRATES
脊椎动物
Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are called vertebrates because they have a vertebral column, or backbone. This is the part of an internal skeleton that supports the skull and to which the limbs are attached.
鱼、两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物之所以被称为脊椎动物，是因为它们有脊椎。这是内部骨骼的一部分，支撑头骨，四肢与之相连。
Aside from the skeleton, several other body systems interact to produce a working vertebrate. Most are described here, using the rabbit as an example.
除了骨骼，其他几个身体系统相互作用，产生一个工作脊椎动物。这里以兔子为例介绍了其中的大部分。

SKELETONS
骷髅
Most animals have a skeleton—a framework that shapes bodies, protects internal organs, and provides anchorage for muscles. Vertebrates have an internal skeleton that is usually made of bone and consists of a backbone attached to a skull and two pairs of limbs.
大多数动物都有一个骨架，这个骨架可以塑造身体，保护内脏，为肌肉提供固定点。脊椎动物有一个通常由骨构成的内骨骼，由一个连在头骨上的脊骨和两对四肢组成。
Insects, crustaceans, and other arthropods have a hard external skeleton or exoskeleton. Worms and some echinoderms have a hydrostatic skeleton, which consists of a fluid-filled cavity controlled by muscles.
昆虫、甲壳类动物和其他节肢动物有坚硬的外骨骼或外骨骼。蠕虫和一些棘皮动物有一个静水骨架，由肌肉控制的充满液体的空腔组成。

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