DK全球视觉系列one million things space一百万件事太空系列

GALAXIES GALORE
星系
The universe is populated by galaxies —huge collections of stars. The galaxies shown here belong to a group of five known as Stephan’s Quintet. The bright stars in view are closer and belong to the Milky Way Galaxy.
宇宙中充满了星系——巨大的恒星集合。这里所示的星系属于一个由五个星系组成的小组，称为斯蒂芬五重奏。视野中的明亮恒星更近，属于银河系。

BIG BANG
大爆炸
The universe started in an event known as the Big Bang, which occurred about 13.7 billion years ago. It was a type of explosion that produced everything in today’s universe—all energy, matter, and space —and marked the start of time.
宇宙起源于一个被称为大爆炸的事件，大约发生在137亿年前。它是一种爆炸，产生了今天宇宙中的一切能量、物质和空间，标志着时间的开始。
Back then, the universe looked nothing like it does today, but everything that exists now existed in some form then. Although the amount of material and energy the universe is made of has remained the same, it has been cooling, expanding, and changing ever since it came into being.
那时，宇宙看起来一点也不像今天，但现在存在的一切当时都以某种形式存在。尽管构成宇宙的物质和能量的数量保持不变，但它自诞生以来就一直在冷却、膨胀和变化。

No one knows what came before the Big Bang, or why it occurred, but we have put together the story since almost the instant of the universe’s creation.
没有人知道大爆炸之前发生了什么，也不知道它为什么会发生，但我们几乎从宇宙诞生的那一刻起就把这个故事拼凑起来了。
The universe was created in a tiny fraction of a second. It was then an exceptionally hot and an immensely dense ball of radiation energy. It was also microscopically small, but within a trillionth of a second it ballooned to about the size of a soccer pitch, before settling down to a slower rate of expansion.
宇宙是在短短的几秒钟内被创造出来的。那时候它是一个异常炽热、辐射能量密度极高的球。它在显微镜下也很小，但在万亿分之一秒内膨胀到足球场的大小，然后稳定到较慢的膨胀速度。

The first atoms formed when the universe was 300,000 years old. Hydrogen and helium nuclei joined with protons and electrons, which are other tiny particles, to make atoms.
第一批原子形成于宇宙30万年前。氢和氦原子核与质子和电子（另一种微小粒子）结合形成原子。
This ordinary matter consisted of 76 percent hydrogen and 24 percent helium, with a trace of lithium. The hydrogen and helium would go on to produce all the elements found in today’s universe.
这种普通物质由76%的氢和24%的氦组成，还有微量的锂。氢和氦将继续产生今天宇宙中发现的所有元素。

At the time that the first atoms were forming, the universe changed from being opaque to being transparent. In places, hydrogen and helium gas and dark matter began to concentrate into clumps.
在第一批原子形成的时候，宇宙从不透明变为透明。在某些地方，氢气、氦气和暗物质开始聚集成团。
Over tens of millions of years, the first galaxies formed in these denser regions, as dark matter settled into huge haloes around rotating disks of gas. Within these, the first stars were born.
在数千万年的时间里，随着暗物质在旋转的气体盘周围形成巨大的光晕，第一批星系在这些密度更大的区域形成。在这些星球里，第一批恒星诞生了。

TODAY’S UNIVERSE
今天的宇宙
The universe is everything we know about, as well as everything we have yet to discover. It includes all space and time as well as everything we see or detect in other ways.
宇宙是我们所知道的一切，也是我们尚未发现的一切。它包括所有的空间和时间，以及我们在其他方面看到或发现的一切。
Parts of the universe, such as the planets, stars, and galaxies, are familiar to us, but only make up a small amount of it. The vast majority of the universe remains unknown.
宇宙的某些部分，如行星、恒星和星系，我们都很熟悉，但只占很小的一部分。宇宙的绝大多数仍然是未知的。

GALAXIES
星系
There are at least 125 billion galaxies in the universe. Each consists of a huge number of stars, vast amounts of gas and dust, and dark matter, all bound together by gravity. Galaxies come in four main shapes and in a range of sizes.
宇宙中至少有1250亿个星系。每一颗行星都由大量的恒星、大量的气体和尘埃以及暗物质组成，它们都被引力束缚在一起。星系有四种主要形状，大小不一。
Dwarf galaxies measure a few thousand light-years across and have about 10 million stars, while a giant galaxy is typically 300,000 light-years wide with 1,000 billion stars. The very center of a galaxy is known as its nucleus or core, and most galaxies, if not all, have a supermassive black hole lying there.
矮星系的直径只有几千光年，大约有1000万颗恒星，而一个巨大的星系通常有30万光年宽，有1000亿颗恒星。星系的中心被称为其核心或核心，大多数星系，如果不是全部的话，都有一个超大质量黑洞躺在那里。

THE MILKY WAY
银河系
The Milky Way Galaxy is our galactic home. It is a disk-shaped system of gas and dust, and about 500 billion stars. It is classified as a barred spiral galaxy.
银河系是我们银河系的家园。它是一个由气体和尘埃组成的盘状系统，大约有5000亿颗恒星。它被归类为一个带栅栏的螺旋星系。
Along with the rest of the solar system, we live about 27,000 light-years from the galaxy’s center—a little more than halfway to the outer edge. From our position inside the galaxy, we see it as a milky path of light across Earth’s nighttime sky, which is why we call it the Milky Way.
与太阳系其他部分一样，我们生活在距离星系中心27000光年的地方，距离星系外缘有一半多一点。从我们在银河系中的位置来看，它是一条穿越地球夜空的银河光路，这就是为什么我们称它为银河系。

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