DK新版Complete Dog breed book choose the perfect dog for you new edition完整的狗品种书籍为您选择完美的狗

WHAT IS A DOG? The evolution of the dog from wild predator to domestic companion has been greatly influenced by human intervention.
什么是狗？狗从野生捕食者到家庭伴侣的进化受到了人类干预的极大影响。
It has taken just a few hundred years to produce seemingly endless variations on the canine theme –
仅仅用了几百年的时间，犬科主题就产生了看似无穷无尽的变化——
but planned breeding has not removed the basic characteristics of the dog’s ancestor, the wolf
但有计划的繁殖并没有消除狗的祖先狼的基本特征

Evolution of the dog All dogs share a common ancestor: the grey wolf. While this relationship is fairly apparent in breeds such as the German Shepherd or Spitz-type dogs,

狗的进化所有的狗都有一个共同的祖先：灰狼。虽然这种关系在德国牧羊犬或斯皮茨犬等品种中相当明显，

with their wolf-like heads and pricked ears, it is hard to see the connection between wolves and Toy Poodles or St. Bernards. Genetically, however,

由于它们像狼一样的头和刺耳的耳朵，很难看出狼和玩具卷毛狗或圣伯纳德之间的联系。但是从基因上来说，

any dog of any breed is virtually identical to the wolf. The transition from wolf to the huge diversity of domestic dogs known today happened relatively quickly. The process began gradually,

任何品种的狗实际上都和狼一模一样。从狼到今天已知的种类繁多的家养狗的转变相对较快。这个过程逐渐开始,，

with random changes in size and shape, but accelerated when humans began to selectively breed those dogs that exhibited characteristics they desired

随着大小和形状的随机变化，但当人类开始有选择地繁殖那些表现出他们想要的特征的狗时，速度加快了

In from the wild Grey wolves and dogs diverged between 15,000 to 40,000 years ago, but when and where they developed a close relationship with humans is unclear.

野生灰狼和狗在15000年到40000年前就已经分化，但它们在何时何地与人类发展了密切的关系尚不清楚。

DNA evidence for domesticated dogs has been found in several locations in Asia and Europe; the timing varies from 20,000 to 40,000 years ago, which suggests that domestication events may have occurred more than once,

在亚洲和欧洲的几个地方发现了家养狗的DNA证据；时间从20000年到40000年不等，这表明驯化事件可能已经发生了不止一次，

and in different areas. The oldest remains known to be domesticated dogs date back to around 14,000 years ago, and comprise human-dog burials from the Middle East and Germany.

在不同的地区。已知最古老的驯养狗遗骸可以追溯到大约14000年前，包括来自中东和德国的人类狗葬。

Older dog fossils from Europe and Asia also exist, but whether these are fossils of domesticated dogs remains uncertain.

欧洲和亚洲的老狗化石也存在，但这些是否是驯养狗的化石仍不确定。

There are alternative theories about how dogs became domesticated. Some scholars believe that wolves scavenging around early human encampments were killed for their meat and skin;
关于狗是如何被驯化的，还有其他的理论。一些学者认为，在早期人类营地周围觅食的狼被杀是为了它们的肉和皮；
their orphan pups were taken in and reared in captivity, and were found to be valuable as hunters and protectors,
他们的孤儿幼崽被关在笼子里饲养，被发现作为猎人和保护者很有价值，
beginning the process of domestication. Others question why humans would want to domesticate a large predator that would compete with them for food. They sugges
开始驯化的过程。另一些人质疑为什么人类会想要驯化一种与他们竞争食物的大型食肉动物。他们暗示