DK a history of magic witchcraft & the occult各国魔法史和神秘学

A little before Christmas 1611, a young girl led her blind, elderly grandmother to a mill-owner’s house to request payment for work recently done. Not wanting to pay up, the mill-owner yelled at the women,
1611年圣诞节前不久，一个年轻女孩带着她失明的老祖母来到一家磨坊主的家，要求支付最近完成的工作的报酬。由于不想还钱，磨坊主对这些女人大喊大叫，
“Get out of my ground, whores and witches, I will burn the one of you, and hang the other.” The elder woman wanted revenge, and she knew how to get it. “The speediest way,”
“滚出我的地盘，妓女和女巫，我会烧了你们中的一个，绞死另一个。”老妇人想要复仇，她知道怎么报仇。“最快的方式，”
she later said, “to take a man’s life by witchcraft is to make a picture of clay, like unto the shape of the person whom they mean to kill,” prick it with a thorn or pin to cause pain, burn the clay figure, and “thereupon by that means, the body shall die.”
她后来说，“用巫术夺走一个人的生命就是用粘土画一幅画，就像他们要杀死的人的形状一样，”用刺或针刺穿它以引起疼痛，烧掉粘土雕像，然后“用这种方法，尸体就会死亡。”This woman who believed herself and was believed by others to be a witch was Elizabeth Southerns, also known as Old Demdike. She was 80 years old and one of 20 people arrested in the English Pendle Witch Trials of 1612.
这个相信自己和其他人都相信自己是女巫的女人是伊丽莎白·索瑟恩斯，也被称为老德姆迪克。她80岁，是1612年英国彭德尔女巫审判中被捕的20人之一。
She died awaiting trial, but 10 accused with her were hanged for having bewitched others to death “by devilish practice and hellish means,” including Elizabeth’s granddaughter, Alison.
她在等待审判时死亡，但与她一起被指控的10名被告因“用恶魔般的手段”蛊惑他人致死而被绞死，其中包括伊丽莎白的孙女艾莉森。 Fear of witches and harmful magic, objects as intermediaries for the working of magic, and the use of magic by the powerless to gain agency are all recurring themes in this wonderful, global study of magical beliefs and practices.
对巫婆和有害魔法的恐惧，作为魔法工作中介的物体，以及无权者使用魔法来获得代理权，这些都是这项奇妙的全球魔法信仰和实践研究中反复出现的主题。
We move through time and space from ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, through Roman praecantrices (female seers), Zoroastrian magic, medieval Japanese alchemy, and Scandinavian wand-carriers, through to Voudon (Voodoo), Ouija boards, Father Christmas, Wicca, and much else besides.
我们穿越时间和空间，从古代美索不达米亚和埃及，通过罗马的预言家（女预言家），琐罗亚斯德教的魔法，中世纪的日本炼金术，斯堪的纳维亚的魔杖载体，到伏都教（伏都教），占卜板，圣诞老人，巫术等等。

Magic is as old as humankind. As soon as early people became aware of their environment, they believed it to be filled with spirits whose aid they invoked to control it, either directly through shamans—who they thought could travel into the spirit world—or through art.

魔法和人类一样古老。当早期的人们意识到他们的环境时，他们认为那里充满了灵魂，他们借助这些灵魂的帮助来控制环境，要么直接通过萨满巫师，他们认为萨满巫师可以进入精神世界，要么通过艺术。

It is thought that early people modeled figurines and painted animals on cave walls in the belief that doing so would give them magical power over their world. As societies became more advanced, they brought hierarchy and order to spiritual life.

人们认为，早期的人们在洞穴墙壁上塑造雕像和画动物，相信这样做会给他们的世界带来神奇的力量。随着社会的进步，他们给精神生活带来了等级和秩序。

From around 4000bce, gods paralleled the rulers, priests, and nobility who held sway over Sumerian city-states or the ancient Egyptian kingdom. Far more is known about these more official religions than ever can be about their Neolithic antecedents because of the invention of writing.

从公元前4000年左右开始，诸神与统治苏美尔城邦或古埃及王国的统治者、牧师和贵族并驾齐驱。由于文字的发明，人们对这些官方宗教的了解比以往任何时候都要多。

There is also more detail about magic, both good and bad. For example, an ancient Babylonian who broke the legs of a clay figurine to prevent a ghost wandering or a witch who tricked the

还有更多关于魔法的细节，包括好的和坏的。例如，一个古巴比伦人为了防止鬼魂游荡而打断了一个泥人的腿，或者一个巫婆欺骗了一个女人

god Marduk into inflicting disease on an enemy were intentionally harmful. Figurines buried beneath thresholds to prevent evil spirits entering, however, merely acknowledged and acted on the belief in evil forces in the spirit world that needed to be appeased.
神马尔杜克故意对敌人造成伤害。然而，掩埋在门槛下以防止邪灵进入的雕像，只是承认并根据需要安抚的邪灵世界中邪恶势力的信念行事。
Much of the paraphernalia of later magic appears surprisingly early. Ancient Babylonians and Egyptians wore protective amulets and created books of spells. In Egypt, spells were even inscribed on the walls of tombs to give the soul magical protection on its hazardous journey into the afterlife.
后来魔术的许多工具出现得出奇地早。古巴比伦人和埃及人戴着护身符，创造了咒语书。在埃及，甚至在坟墓的墙上刻上咒语，在灵魂进入来世的危险旅程中给予魔法保护。