DK composers thirelives and worksDK作曲家的生活和作品

Around the year 600, the great scholar St. Isidore of Seville lamented that “unless sounds are remembered by man, they perish, for they cannot be written down.”
大约在公元600年，塞维利亚的伟大学者圣·伊西多尔（St.Isidore）哀叹道：“除非声音被人类记住，否则它们就会消亡，因为它们无法被记录下来。”
In fact, the Babylonians and the Ancient Greeks had independently invented systems of musical notation more than a thousand years earlier, but after the decay of their civilizations these methods had been completely forgotten.
事实上，早在一千多年前，巴比伦人和古希腊人就独立发明了记谱系统，但在他们的文明衰落之后，这些方法就被完全遗忘了。
This meant that for many centuries, the only way of preserving a musical composition was through a continuous tradition of performance, passing it on from generation to generation.
这意味着许多世纪以来，保存音乐作品的唯一方法是通过持续的表演传统，将其代代相传。 Some of this book’s subjects had lamentably short careers, notably Lili Boulanger, who suffered ill health from infancy and was only 24 when she died.
这本书的一些主题的职业生涯非常短暂，尤其是莉莉·布朗格，她从婴儿时期就患有疾病，去世时只有24岁。
The deaths of several other composers are known or believed to have been hastened by syphilis (Delius, Donizetti, Schubert, and Smetana among them), and Mussorgsky is perhaps the most famous example of a composer whose life was cut short by alcoholism.
已知或相信其他几位作曲家的死亡是由梅毒加速的（其中包括迪利厄斯、多尼泽蒂、舒伯特和斯梅塔纳），而穆索尔斯基可能是最著名的一位因酗酒而缩短生命的作曲家的例子。
At the opposite extreme are those who ended their days at a ripe age and loaded with honors: Rodrigo and Tippett lived well into their
在另一个极端，是那些在成熟的年龄结束了他们的日子，并承载着荣誉的人：罗德里戈和蒂普特在他们的生活中生活得很好
Guillaume Dufay c.1397–1474, FRENCHThe foremost composer of the Burgundian School in the 15th century,
纪尧姆·杜菲（Guillaume Dufay），约1397-1474年，法国人，15世纪勃艮第学派最重要的作曲家，
Dufay perfected his craft while working in Italy, developing an elegant style that bridged the transition from medieval to Renaissance.
杜菲在意大利工作期间完善了他的工艺，发展了一种优雅的风格，架起了从中世纪到文艺复兴的桥梁。 William Byrd is thought to have been born in London in about 1540, although this date is disputed.
威廉·伯德大约于1540年出生在伦敦，尽管这个日期有争议。
What can be assumed is that he had a thorough musical education, and was most likely a chorister at London’s Chapel Royal, where he was a pupil of Thomas Tallis (see pp.20–21). In 1563, he was appointed organist and choirmaster at Lincoln Cathedral,
可以假设的是，他受过全面的音乐教育，很可能是伦敦皇家教堂的合唱团成员，他是托马斯·塔利斯（Thomas Tallis）的学生（见第20-21页）。1563年，他被任命为林肯大教堂的风琴手和唱诗班主，
a post that he held for nine years. In Lincoln, he married Julian Birley—it was a happy marriage that lasted from 1568 to her death in the 1580s.
他担任了九年的职务。在林肯，他与朱利安·伯雷结婚。这是一段幸福的婚姻，从1568年持续到她在1580年去世。 Jerusalem Liberated. First performed at a private palace in Venice in 1624, Il combattimento di Tancredi e Clorinda
耶路撒冷解放了。1624年，在威尼斯的一座私人宫殿里首次演出
is considered the first oratorio and included the first use of pizzicato—the strings imitating striking swords.Monteverdi took holy orders in 1632, but never ruled out a return to secular patronage. He seriously considered a post at the royal court of Poland and sought to attract the attention of the
蒙特威尔第被认为是第一部清唱剧，并首次使用了模仿击剑的弦乐拨奏。蒙特威尔第在1632年接受了神圣的命令，但从未排除回归世俗赞助者的可能性。他认真考虑在波兰皇家法院任职，并试图引起法院的注意
Holy Roman Emperor in Vienna. However, in the end he remained at St. Mark’s for the rest of his days, constantly muttering about inadequate pay and worrying about an unpaid pension he was owed from Mantua.
维也纳的神圣罗马皇帝。然而，最后他在圣马可教堂度过了余生，不断抱怨工资不足，担心曼图亚欠他的养老金还没付。
Hailed by many as the greatest Baroque composer, Bach created music ranging from oratorios to intimate keyboard pieces. His composition combines mathematical complexity with profound humanity.
巴赫被许多人誉为最伟大的巴洛克作曲家，他创作的音乐从清唱剧到私密的键盘曲应有尽有。他的作文将数学的复杂性与深刻的人性结合起来。

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