DK history of the World in 1000 Objects 1000件传世瑰宝中的世界历史

FOREWORD
前言
There is something magical about the survival of human-made objects from the past. A piece of jewelry, a cup, a sword, or a sandal that has,
过去的人造物品的生存有着神奇的一面。一件珠宝、一个杯子、一把剑或一只凉鞋，
often arbitrarily, survived the general tide of oblivion seems in some degree to bridge the gulf of years that separates us from the world of our ancestors—whether inhabitants of ancient Egypt or the Roman Empire,
通常，在某种程度上，被遗忘的大潮似乎在某种程度上弥合了我们与祖先世界的隔阂，无论是古埃及还是罗马帝国的居民，
the Aztecs of Mexico or Japanese samurai. A collection of such artifacts can vividly represent a long- lost civilization, its daily life, its art and culture, its ways of making war and conducting trade, its rituals and its beliefs.
墨西哥的阿兹特克人或日本武士。这些文物的收藏可以生动地代表一个长期失传的文明，它的日常生活，它的艺术和文化，它的战争方式和贸易方式，它的仪式和信仰。 Many objects have come to us from ancient times through the rituals surrounding death. Our knowledge of the ancient Egyptians, for example, would be much poorer but for their habit of burying personal possessions with the dead.
从远古时代起，许多物体通过围绕死亡的仪式来到我们身边。例如，我们对古埃及人的了解要不是因为他们习惯于将个人财产和死者埋葬在一起，就要少得多。
The exquisite decoration and furnishing of palaces and places of worship has been another rich source of surviving artifacts. We are also beholden to the desire of people to record the great events of their own time, which has given us Trajan’s column in Rome and the Norman Bayeux Tapestry.
宫殿和礼拜场所的精致装饰和陈设是保存文物的另一个丰富来源。我们也感谢人们记录他们那个时代的伟大事件的愿望，这给了我们图拉真在罗马的专栏和诺曼巴约的挂毯。
Some objects were created to celebrate heroes or gods, like the statues of ancient Greece and Rome. Some are exquisite craft work, such as Japanese Samurai armor and the gold figurines of the West African Asante. Others are famous puzzles, such as the Rosetta Stone, which eventually allowed scholars to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphs.
一些物品是为了庆祝英雄或神而创造的，比如古希腊和罗马的雕像。有些是精致的工艺作品，如日本武士盔甲和西非阿桑特的金雕像。还有一些是著名的谜题，如罗塞塔石，它最终使学者们能够破解埃及象形文字。 ART AND CULTURE
艺术与文化
In many parts of the world, the late Paleolithic saw the flowering of art, including painting, engraving, and sculpture. Fired clay came into use at this time, providing a medium with huge scope for later artistic expression, as did textiles woven from plant fibers.
在世界许多地方，旧石器时代晚期见证了艺术的繁荣，包括绘画、雕刻和雕塑。烧制粘土在这个时候开始使用，为后来的艺术表现提供了巨大的空间，植物纤维织成的纺织品也是如此。
Stone monuments, often with a ritual purpose, were created from at least 9500bce (see, for example, Stonehenge, p.40).
石头纪念碑，通常是出于宗教仪式的目的，至少是在公元前9500年建造的（例如，见巨石阵，第40页）。 POLITICS AND POWER
政治与权力
The mythical first king of Egypt was the god Osiris, followed by his son Horus. The Egyptian pharaohs were absolute monarchs, who claimed to be the living representatives of Horus.
神话中的埃及第一位国王是奥西里斯神，他的儿子荷鲁斯紧随其后。埃及法老是绝对君主，他们自称是荷鲁斯在世的代表。
Under royal authority, Egypt’s administration was in the hands of state officials and provincial governors.
在皇室的领导下，埃及的行政管理权掌握在国家官员和省长手中。 HOME LIFE
家庭生活
Shang and Zhou kings were surrounded by nobles, officials, and diviners—the elite who enjoyed luxuries such as jade, bronze, and lacquerware. However, most people lived in villages,
商周时期的国王周围都是贵族、官员和占卜者，这些人都是享有玉器、铜器和漆器等奢侈品的精英。然而，大多数人住在农村，
farming millet, rice, fruit, and vegetables, and raising pigs and chickens. They used everyday items such as pottery.
种植小米、大米、水果和蔬菜，养猪养鸡。他们使用日常用品，如陶器。