悠悠乐英语 DK视觉系列科学探索思维精美插图 2021-07-22

DK one million things A Visual Encyclopedia 视觉百科全书一百万件事

Nature
自然

ALBATROSS COLONY Every year, black-browed albatrosses return to the Falkland Islands in the Atlantic Ocean to breed. This albatross colony is one of the largest in the world, with more than 500,000 birds. Each pair produces a single egg
信天翁殖民地每年，黑眉信天翁返回福克兰群岛在大西洋繁殖。这只信天翁是世界上最大的信天翁之一，有超过500000只鸟。每对产卵一枚

PLANTS
植物
All green plants use the energy of sunlight to make sugary carbohydrate food from water and carbon dioxide in the air. This is why they grow well only in sunlit, moist places. The food fuels growth and is used to make cellulose—the tough, fibrous tissue that helps support all the various parts of the plant, from its stems and leaves to its flowers.
所有的绿色植物都利用阳光的能量，从水和空气中的二氧化碳中制造含糖的碳水化合物食物。这就是为什么它们只能在阳光充足、潮湿的地方生长良好。这些食物促进生长，并用来制造纤维素，纤维素是一种坚韧的纤维组织，有助于支撑植物的各个部分，从茎叶到花朵。

The leaves are the plant’s food factories. They act like solar panels, as the green chlorophyll enables the plant to absorb the energy of sunlight and use it for photosynthesis
树叶是植物的食物工厂。它们就像太阳能电池板一样，因为绿色的叶绿素使植物能够吸收阳光的能量并利用它进行光合作用
the process in which the plant takes carbon dioxide from the air and combines it with water drawn up by the roots to make sugar. Oxygen is also produced in the process and released into the air.
植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳，并将其与根系吸收的水结合起来，制成糖的过程。在这个过程中也会产生氧气并释放到空气中。

As sunlight warms a plant, water in the leaves is lost as water vapor, through pores called stomata. The leaves then take in water from the stem, which in turn draws more water up into the plant from the roots. The water carries nutrients from the soil with it.
当阳光温暖植物时，叶子中的水分通过气孔以水蒸气的形式流失。然后叶子从茎中吸收水分，而茎又从根部向上吸收更多的水分。水携带着土壤中的养分。

FLOWERS Many plants produce beautiful flowers, often vividly colored and fragrant. These intricate structures form the reproductive parts of plants and have evolved so that they attract insects and birds to sip the sugary nectar at the flower’s center.
许多植物开出美丽的花，颜色鲜艳，芳香四溢。这些复杂的结构构成了植物的生殖器官，它们的进化吸引了昆虫和鸟类在花的中心啜饮含糖的花蜜。
While feeding, the insect or bird is dusted with pollen, which is produced by the stamens and contain the male sex cells. The pollen is deposited on the sticky stigma of another flower. This is pollination. A pollen tube then grows down the style to the ovary and fertilizes an ovule. This is fertilization.
在取食时，昆虫或鸟类身上撒满花粉，花粉由雄蕊产生，含有雄性性细胞。花粉沉积在另一朵花的粘性柱头上。这就是授粉。然后花粉管沿着花柱向下生长到子房并使胚珠受精。这就是受精。
Some plants, such as grasses and many types of trees, rely on the wind to carry their pollen, and their flowers do not need showy petals or fragrant nectar to attract animals. Since this is a less efficient system, they must produce far more pollen, which can fill the air and cause hay fever.
有些植物，如草和许多种类的树，依靠风来携带花粉，它们的花不需要艳丽的花瓣或芬芳的花蜜来吸引动物。由于这是一个效率较低的系统，它们必须产生更多的花粉，这些花粉会充满空气并引起花粉热。

FRUITS All plants produce fruits that contain their seeds. Some fruits are dry husks, but others are juicy and tasty. These attract animals, which eat them and carry the seeds in their stomachs.
果实所有植物都会产生含有种子的果实。有些水果是干果壳，但有些是多汁可口的。它们会吸引动物，它们会吃掉它们，并把种子放在胃里。
The tough-skinned seeds are not digested but are scattered far away from the parent plant in the animals’ droppings and grow into new plants. The fruits shown here are cultivated types that have been specially bred for their size and flavor.
这些硬皮的种子没有被消化，而是分散在远离动物粪便中的亲本植物的地方，长成新的植物。这里所示的水果是经过特殊培育的栽培类型，它们的大小和味道都很好。

PLANKTON The sunlit surface waters of many oceans teem with life, most of it microscopic, that drifts with the currents. The whole drifting community is called the plankton.
浮游生物许多海洋在阳光照射下的表层水中充满了生命，其中大部分是微小的，随水流漂流。整个漂流群落被称为浮游生物。
It is made up of plantlike phytoplankton, which use the energy of sunlight to make food from carbon dioxide and water, and zooplankton— animals that feed on both the phytoplankton and each other. This image shows the plankton in a splash of seawater, magnified more than 25 times.
它是由植物状的浮游植物和浮游动物组成的，浮游植物利用阳光的能量从二氧化碳和水中制造食物，浮游动物是以浮游植物和其他动物为食的动物。这张图片显示了海水飞溅中的浮游生物，放大了25倍以上。

INSECTS Insects are the most successful creatures on Earth. Beetles alone account for almost a third of all known animal species.
昆虫是地球上最成功的生物。仅甲虫就占了所有已知动物种类的近三分之一。
Many insects are tiny, but others are big enough for us to see the amazing intricacy of their structure. Some may bite or sting, and a few are real pests, but most are harmless, fascinating, and beautiful.
许多昆虫都很小，但其他的昆虫大到足以让我们看到它们惊人的复杂结构。有些可能会咬人或蜇人，少数是真正的害虫，但大多数是无害的，迷人的，美丽的。

FISH Fish were the first animals with backbones to appear on Earth, more than 500 million years ago. They have since evolved into a wonderful variety of forms.
鱼是地球上最早出现的有脊骨的动物，距今已有5亿多年了。从那时起，它们已经演变成各种各样的形式。
From powerful sharks to delicate seahorses, fish now make up more than half of all vertebrate species. Most fish live in the salty oceans, like those shown below, but many—including the fish on the opposite page—live in freshwater lakes and rivers. A few, such as salmon, are able to live in both.
从强壮的鲨鱼到娇嫩的海马，鱼类现在占所有脊椎动物物种的一半以上。大多数鱼类生活在咸水中，如下图所示，但包括另一页的鱼类在内的许多鱼类生活在淡水湖泊和河流中。一些，如鲑鱼，能够生活在这两个。