DK2021全球视觉系列 the brain fitness book大脑锻炼指南

FOREWORD
前言
YOUR MIND IS ONLY AS GOOD AS THE BRAIN
你的头脑和大脑一样好
THAT PRODUCES IT.
这就产生了它。
Your memory of a sunny day in childhood, the smell of jasmine, your ability to find your car keys, read the newspaper, and cook a meal all depend on maintaining a well-functioning brain. It is the most important part of your body, because it generates all your experience and
你对童年阳光灿烂的日子的记忆，茉莉花的味道，你找到车钥匙的能力，看报纸的能力，以及做饭的能力，都取决于保持大脑的良好功能。它是你身体最重要的部分，因为它产生了你所有的经验和经验
controls everything you do.Despite this, the enormous importance of keeping your brain fit and healthy is generally overlooked. We are
控制你做的每件事。尽管如此，保持大脑健康的重要性却被普遍忽视。我们是
bombarded with advice on how to keep our hearts and muscles in order, but information about the best way to preserve our cognitive faculties usually goes no further than the suggestion that we do occasional crosswords.This book is designed to fill that gap. It pulls together
关于如何保持我们的心脏和肌肉秩序的建议铺天盖地，但是关于保持我们的认知能力的最佳方法的信息通常只会建议我们偶尔做纵横填字游戏。这本书就是为了填补这个空白而设计的。它拉在一起
some of the latest scientific research on brain health and shows you how best to achieve it in youth, maintain it through midlife, and preserve and perhaps enhance it in later years.First, it reveals the complex physical processes that produce thoughts, perceptions, and feelings. Then it explains how you can support, and perhaps enhance these
一些关于大脑健康的最新科学研究向你展示了如何在年轻时最好地实现它，在中年保持它，并在晚年保持和增强它。首先，它揭示了产生思想、感知和感觉的复杂物理过程。然后，它解释了您如何支持并增强这些功能
processes.
过程。
This includes the exercises and nutrition now shown to be especially good for the brain, and advice on how to help prevent or cope with common brain disorders such as stroke and dementia. The Brain Fitness Book describes the variety of mental skills that work together to produce a fully functioning mind and how each of them can be honed, exercised, and refined to make their best contribution.
这包括现在证明对大脑特别有益的运动和营养，以及如何帮助预防或应对中风和痴呆等常见脑部疾病的建议。《大脑健康》一书描述了各种各样的心理技能，这些技能共同产生一个功能完备的大脑，以及如何磨练、锻炼和完善每一项技能，使其发挥最大的作用。
You can test these skills to explore your own strengths and weaknesses.Finally, The Brain Fitness Book provides a catalog of activities from which you can pick ‘n mix to find a brain￾healthy lifestyle filled with newly discovered interests. It includes practical guidance to help and encourage you to
你可以测试这些技能来探索你自己的长处和短处。最后，大脑健身书提供了一个活动目录，你可以从中挑选各种活动来找到你的大脑￾充满新发现兴趣的健康生活方式。它包括帮助和鼓励你
get started on the activities of your choice.
开始你选择的活动。

PARTS OF THE BRAIN
大脑的部分
Your brain is made up of hundreds of modules, each of which does something slightly different. Together, they produce everything you think of as your mind—your perceptions, memories, judgments, and thoughts—and conduct the countless processes that control your body.
你的大脑是由数百个模块组成的，每个模块的功能都略有不同。它们一起产生了你所认为的一切，比如你的思想，你的感知，记忆，判断和想法，并引导着无数控制你身体的过程。

THE ACTIVE BRAIN
活跃的大脑
To keep your brain healthy you need to maintain both its structure—the actual flesh—and the flow of electrical signals that make it work.
为了保持你的大脑健康，你需要同时保持它的结构——实际的肉体和使它工作的电信号流。

SENDING MESSAGES
发送消息
Throughout the brain are trillions of electrical cells called neurons, which transmit signals. Each neuron has a single axon, a biological “wire,” that carries the signals quickly from one end to the other. A tissue
在整个大脑中有数万亿个被称为神经元的电细胞，它们传递信号。每一个神经元都有一个轴突，即一根生物“电线”，将信号从一端快速传递到另一端。纸巾
called myelin insulates the axons and this is what makes up the brain’s white matter. When two neurons “talk” frequently, the axon from the first will grow toward the other. Growing axons increase the density of the brain. Most neurons are separated by tiny gaps called synapses. A neuron “talks” to the next neuron by transmitting its signal over the synapse using chemicals called neurotransmitters.
髓鞘隔离轴突，这就是大脑白质的组成。当两个神经元频繁“交谈”时，第一个神经元的轴突会向另一个神经元生长。生长的轴突增加了大脑的密度。大多数神经元被称为突触的微小缝隙隔开。神经元与下一个神经元“对话”，通过使用一种叫做神经递质的化学物质通过突触传递信号。

CONNECTING THE PARTS
连接部件
The brain’s parts are densely connected so that they work as a single system. Signals travel through the gray matter (nerve cell bodies), as well as to and from the underlying areas.
大脑各部分紧密相连，因此它们作为一个单一的系统工作。信号通过灰质（神经细胞体）传递，也从下面的区域传递。

LEARNING
学习
Every bit of knowledge—each fact, skill, face, tune, place: anything you can say you “know,”—is stored in the brain as a unique network of electrically linked cells. Learning involves creating new networks
每一点知识，每一个事实，每一个技能，每一张脸，每一个音调，每一个地方：任何你能说你“知道”的东西——都作为一个独特的电连接细胞网络储存在大脑中。学习需要建立新的人际网络

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